Fr1 supercritical flow fr1 critical flow fr flow gd v or f gd v, and f gravity force inertia force f r 2 2 r r. Basic hydraulic principles of open channel flow by harvey e. Open channel flow made easy gate handwritten notes pdf download liquids are transported from one location to another using natural or constructed conveyance structures. The cross section of these structures may be open or closed at the top. Analysis flow in a channel is driven naturally by gravity. Formula for calculating critical depth of trapezoidal open. In these cases the flow regime evolves from subcritical to supercritical with the occurrence of critical flow conditions associated with relatively small energy loss e. Water flow in a river, for example, is driven by the elevation difference between the source and the sink. Open channel flow made easy gate handwritten notes pdf. An open channel flow can change from subcritical to supercritical in a relatively lowloss manner at gates and weirs. Formula for calculating critical depth of trapezoidal open channel article pdf available in journal of hydraulic engineering 1257.
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